J. Enrique Perez, Lic. Biol, Ph.D., &

Elena Ogusuku, Lic. Biol.

We are staff members of the: Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, and in charge of the Entomlogy Section of our Institute. Our principal research area is on Lutzomyia spp.

  The following is a presentation of the different aspects we investigate on the Lutzomyia species (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vectors of bartonellosis (verruga peruana or enfermedad de Carrión or Oroya Fever) and leishmaniasis (uta and espundia) occurring in Peru. It is also an invitation to corresponde with us about the topics taken in account. 

Briefly, the studies we carried out since 1982 resulted in the following contributions:

We reviewed the historical reports about the transmission of bartonellosis and leishmaniasis in Peru.

  We designed and carried out the first long term studies on Lutzomyia populations and seasonality in the Andes and Amazon basin (tropical forest) in Peru, based on studies of sandfly attraction to man, hourly activity and invasion to houses. Bloodmeal sources were determined to Andean sandflies. The seasonality of Leishmania infection in wild Lutzomyia spp. was determined using PCR in an Andean sandfly population. We described the development of Leishmania peruviana in Lu. verrucarum, an incrimminated natural vector. We developed and maintain a clossed colony of Lutzomyia verrucarum, which consist in 3 different geographical strains of this species.

By the means of Scanning electron microscopy, we described the egg chorion sculpturing of 5 Andean Lutzomyia species including two new types of chorion sculpturing, several instars of these species, and the pupae of L. peruensis and L. verrucarum. Working on Lutzomyia and other Phlebotominae Taxonomy, we have reported 21 new records for Perú and described 7 new species: Lutzomyia oligodonta, L. deorsa, L. clitella, L. nemorosa, L. gonzaloi, L. monzonensis y Warileya lumbrerasi.

RESEARCH INTERESTS:

To identify common interactive or correspondent elements of Lutzomyia or Leishmania, which would be the target for research possibilities of interrupting the natural cycle of the parasite in the sandfly. We are interested to study the role of elements produced by the sandfly gut within three days after the infection with Leishmania.

The study of the relationships between Lutzomyia spp. and man, which include the behaviour of sandflies of biting man, other animals, its contact with man in different places; the seasonal fluctuations of sandfly populations, Leishmanial infection, resting sites and searching of breeding sites. All this components of sandfly habits should respond to a innate conditions of the fly?, the general idea is to interrupt this behaviour to force infected sandflies do not reach man, how to do it?!.

We are also starting the study of the cycle of Bartonella bacilliformis in Lutzomyia verrucarum in collaboration with colleagues from United Kingdom and USA, who developed a Bb labelled with a fluorescent protein.

The filogenetic study of Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) species in Peru by means of traditional Taxonomy procedures, scanning electron microscopy of eggs and pupae, and DNA.

 CURRICULUM VITAE OF J. ENRIQUE PEREZ, Ph.D.

 NAME: J. Enrique PEREZ

Birth date: March 19, 1955

Marital status: Married

Language: Spanish (Mother tongue).

Other languages: English: speak, read and write.

Home Telephone: 51 1 473-1223

- Bachelor in Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, 1974-1979.

- PhD programme on Medical Entomology, University of Liverpool, UK, 1991-1995. Supported by the Special Programe for Research and Strengthening on Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (TDR/WHO), Switzerland.

- Licenciate in Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, 1982.

Thesis:

PEREZ, J. E. 1982. Ecology of diurnal butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of the Llanganuco Section, Huascarán National Park, Ancash, Perú, 80 pp.

- Doctor in Philosophy (PhD) on Medical Entomology. University of Liverpool, UK, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, July 1995.

Thesis:

PEREZ, J. E. 1995. Studies on Lutzomyia spp. vectors of Leishmaniasis in Perú, 233 pp..

- Associate Researcher. Departamento de Entomología. Museo de Historia Natural, Lima. 1980-1987.

- Biologist. Huascaran National Park, Perú, 1980-1982.

- Biologist. Centro de Investigación en Salud Dr. Hugo Lumbreras C. Instituto Nacional de Salud. 1983-1996.

- Associate Researcher. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú,

1982 to present.

 SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS

- Royal Entomological Society of London.

- Sociedad Entomológica del Perú.

- Sociedad Geográfica de Lima.

- Entomological Society of America.

- National Geographical Society.

- Colegio de Biólogos del Perú (934).

- Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.

PUBLICATIONS:

1. LAMAS, G. & J. E. PEREZ. 1981. Danaiinae e Itomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) atraídos por Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) en Madre de Dios (Perú). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 24(1): 59-62.

2. LAMAS, G. & J. E. PEREZ. 1983. Las mariposas diurnas del Parque Nacional Huascarán (Sector Llanganuco) Ancash, Perú. Boletín de Lima, 30: 27-37.

3. YOUNG, D. G., J. E. PEREZ & G. ROMERO. 1985. New records of Phlebotomine sand flies from Perú with a description of Lutzomyia oligodonta n. sp. from the Rimac Valley (Diptera: Psychodidae). International Journal of Entomology, 27(1-2): 136-146.

4. MAGUIÑA, C. & J. E. PEREZ. 1985. Estudio epidemiológico sobre Leishmaniasis y Bartonelosis en San Marcos (Huari, Ancash). Diagnóstico, 16(1): 5-12.

5. LAMAS, G. & J. E. PEREZ. 1987. Lepidópteros de importancia médica. Diagnóstico, 20(4): 121-125.

6. PEREZ, J. E. 1988. Vector sampling methods and longitudinal studies in leishmaniasis surveillance, pp. 292-298, In: Proceedings of the International Workshop: Research on Control strategies for the Leishmaniasis. IDRC, Ottawa.

7. PEREZ, J. E. & G. LAMAS. 1988. Un supuesto vector de leishmaniasis en el norte peruano a fines del siglo XVIII. Boletín de Lima, 59: 61-64.

8. PEREZ, J. E., P. VILLASECA, A. LLANOS, M. CAMPOS & H. GUERRA. 1988. Técnicas de muestreo de "titiras" (Lutzomyia spp., Diptera: Psychodidae) utilizados en ambientes altoandinos del Perú. Revista peruana de Entomología, 29: 87-91.

9. PEREZ, J. E. 1990. Espundia named by Raimondi in 1874. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84(1): 175.

10. PEREZ, J. E., P. VILLASECA, A. CACERES, M. LOPEZ, A. ZOLESSI, M. CAMPOS, H. GUERRA & A. LLANOS-CUENTAS. 1991. Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana isolated from the sandfly Lutzomyia peruensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and sentinel hamster in the Huayllacallan valley (Ancash, Peru). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85(1): 60.

11. WALLBANKS, K., J. MOORE, L. BENNETT, R. SOREN, D. MOLYNEUX, J. CARLIN & J. E. PEREZ. 1991. Aphid derived sugars in the neotropical sandfly Lutzomyia peruensis. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42(1): 60-62.

12. PEREZ, J. E. , E. OGUSUKU, J. MONJE & D. G. YOUNG. 1991. Lista de especies de Lutzomyia spp. de Pilcopata (Cuzco), nuevos registros para el Perú y descripción de Lutzomyia deorsa n. sp. Revista peruana de Entomología, 32: 133-135.

13. BERMUDEZ, H., J.P. DEDET, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, E.F. RANGEL, C. FERRO, E.A.B. GALATI, E.A. GOMEZ, M.V. HERRERO, D. HERVAS, J. LEBBE, A. MORALES, E. OGUSUKU, J.E. PEREZ, I.A. SHERLOCK, M. TORREZ, R. VIGNES & M. WOLFF. 1991. Proposition of a standard description for Phlebotomine sandflies. Parassitologia, 33 (Supl. 1): 127-135.

14. PEREZ, J. E., J. MONJE, E. OGUSUKU, L. PAZ & E. NIETO. 1992. Vector blood meal sources and transmission studies on Andean Leishmaniasis. In: WIJEYARATNE, P., T. GOODMAN & C. ESPINAL (Eds.), Leisnmaniasis control strategies. IDRC, Ottawa, 249-260. 1991.

15. WARD, R., M. DOUGHERTY & J. E. PEREZ. 1992. Pheromone papules on the Peruvian Phlebotomine vectors of Uta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 86: 347.

16. OGUSUKU, E. M. CAMPOS & J. E. PEREZ. 1993. Variación estacional de las dimensiones alares de Lutzomyia verrucarum (Diptera: Psychodidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 34: 55.

17. OGUSUKU, E., J. E. PEREZ, L. PAZ, E. NIETO, J. MONGE & H. GUERRA. 1993. El hombre como fuente de sangre para Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) andinos. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 34: 56.

18. PEREZ, J. E., E. OGUSUKU, J. MONJE, L. PAZ, E. NIETO & H. GUERRA. 1993. Ocurrencia estacional de Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotomiane) en los Andes Peruanos. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 35: 4-6.

19. BERMUDEZ, H., J.P. DEDET, M. DUNCAN, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, C. FERRO, E.A.B. GALATI, E.A. GOMEZ, M.V. HERRERO, D. HERVAS, J. LEBBE, A. MORALES, E. OGUSUKU, J.E. PEREZ, E.F. RANGEL, I.A. SHERLOCK, M. TORREZ, R. VIGNES, M. WOLFF & D.G. YOUNG. 1993. A programme for computer aided identification of phlebotomine sandflies of the Americas (CIPA) - Presentation and checkl-list of American species. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 88(2): 221-230.

20. WARD, R.D., J.G.C. HAMILTON, M. DOUGHERTY, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, J.E. PEREZ & C.J. VELTKAMP. 1993. Pheromone dissemination structures in tergites of male phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae). Bulletin of Entomological research, 83: 437-445.

21. VILLASECA, P., A. LLANOS-CUENTAS, J.E. PEREZ & C.R. DAVIES. 1993. A comparative field study of the relative importance of Lutzomyia peruensis and Lutzomyia verrucarum as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Peruvian Andes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 49(2): 260-269.

22. PEREZ, J. E., E. OGUSUKU, R. INGA, M. LOPEZ, J. MONJE, L. PAZ, E. NIETO, J. AREVALO & H. GUERRA. 1993. Natural Leishmania infection of Lutzomyia spp. in Peru. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 88(2): 161-164.

23. OGUSUKU, E., J. E. PEREZ, L. PAZ, E. NIETO, J. MONGE & H. GUERRA. 1994. Identification of bloodmeal sources of Lutzomyia spp. in Perú. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 88(3): 329-335.

24. YOUNG, D.G. & J.E. PEREZ. 1994. Description of Lutzomyia clitella n. sp. and L. nemorosa n. sp. from Peru. IN: YOUNG, D.G. & M.A. DUNCAN. Guide to the identification and geographic distribution of Lutzomyia sand flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera: Psichodidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 54: 512-513, 540-541.

25. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. 1995. Estacionalidad de Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) en Coloradito (Cuzco, Perú). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 37: 89-96.

26. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. 1995. Nota sobre la descripción de Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913) (Diptera: Psychodidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 37: 127-128.

27. CIPA GROUP. BALARD, Y., BERMUDEZ, H., J.P. DEDET, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, C. FERRO, E.A.B. GALATI, E.A. GOMEZ, M.V. HERRERO, D. HERVAS, M. LAMBERT, J. LEBBE, A. MORALES, E. OGUSUKU, J.E. PEREZ, E.F. RANGEL, I.A. SHERLOCK, M. TORREZ, R. VIGNES & M. WOLFF. 1995. Computer aided identification of phlebotomine sandflies of the Americas - General presentation and progress of the programme. Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental, 35(Suppl. 1): 105-113.

 CURRICULUM VITAE OF ELENA OGUSUKU

 Name: M. Elena OGUSUKU

 Birth place: Lima, Perú.

Birth date: 17 - 09 - 1960.

Language: Spanish (Mother tongue).

Other languages: English: speak, read and write.

Home Telephone: 51 14 731223

e-mail: kike@upch.edu.pe

Office Address: Entomology.

Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

Apartado 4314, Lima-100. PERU.

Telf: 51 14 827739, Fax: 51 14 823404

- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma (1980- 1985).

- Master in Sciences, Biochemistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima. 1993-1995.

 - Bachelor in Biology. 1988.

Thesis: "El Género Frankliniella Karny (Thysanoptera: Thriidae) Procedentes del Valle de Cañete".

- Licenciate in Biology. 1994.

Thesis: "Thysanoptera (Insecta) procedentes de Cañete: Familia Thripidae".

- Curso Internacional de Entomología Médica, April-May, 1991, CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia.

- Molecular Biology of Anophelines, May, 1994, Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

- Research for Tropical Medicine (Medical Entomology), January to September, 1995, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan. Subject: Effect of the bloodmeal size on the follicular development of Aedes albopictus.

- 1987-1989. Research Assistant. Department of Entomology. Estación Experimental Agrícola La Molina - Lima. Proyecto "Tratamiento de Agua Caliente para el Control Cuarentenario de Mosca de la Fruta en Mango".

- 1989-1990. Research Assistant. Estación Biológica de Cocha Cashu - Parque Nacional Manu - Madre de Dios. Proyecto "Estudio del Comportamiento del Macho del Manakin de Cabeza Coronada Pipra coronata (Familia Pipridae) en leks".

- 1990 to present. Associate researcher. Laboratorio de Entomología del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt". Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

 PUBLICATIONS

1. OGUSUKU, E. & M. ORTIZ. 1991. Nueve especies de Frankliniella Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) procedentes de Cañete. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 33: 125-126.

2. PEREZ, J. E. , E. OGUSUKU, J. MONJE & D. G. YOUNG. 1991. Lista de especies de Lutzomyia spp. de Pilcopata (Cuzco), nuevos registros para el Perú y descripción de Lutzomyia deorsa n. sp. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 32: 133-135.

3. BERMUDEZ, H., J.P. DEDET, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, E.F. RANGEL, C. FERRO, E.A.B. GALATI, E.A. GOMEZ, M.V. HERRERO, D. HERVAS, J. LEBBE, A. MORALES, E. OGUSUKU, J.E. PEREZ, I.A. SHERLOCK, M. TORREZ, R. VIGNES & M. WOLFF. 1991. Proposition of a standard description for Phlebotomine sandflies. Parassitologia, 33 (Supl. 1): 127-135.

4. PEREZ, J. E., J. MONJE, E. OGUSUKU, L. PAZ & E. NIETO. 1992. Vector blood meal sources and transmission studies on Andean Leishmaniasis. In: WIJEYARATNE, P., T. GOODMAN & C. ESPINAL (Eds.), Leishmaniasis control strategies. IDRC, Ottawa, 249-260.1991.

5. OGUSUKU, E. M. CAMPOS & J. E. PEREZ. 1993. Variación estacional de las dimensiones alares de Lutzomyia verrucarum (Diptera: Psychodidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 34: 55.

6. OGUSUKU, E., J. E. PEREZ, L. PAZ, E. NIETO, J. MONGE & H. GUERRA. 1993. El hombre como fuente de sangre para Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) andinos. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 34: 56.

7. PEREZ, J. E., E. OGUSUKU, J. MONJE, L. PAZ, E. NIETO & H. GUERRA. 1993. Ocurrencia estacional de Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotomiane) en los Andes Peruanos. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 35: 4-6.

8. BERMUDEZ, H., J.P. DEDET, M. DUNCAN, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, C. FERRO, E.A.B. GALATI, E.A. GOMEZ, M.V. HERRERO, D. HERVAS, J. LEBBE, A. MORALES, E. OGUSUKU, J.E. PEREZ, E.F. RANGEL, I.A. SHERLOCK, M. TORREZ, R. VIGNES, M. WOLFF & D.G. YOUNG. 1993. A programme for computer aided identification of phlebotomine sandflies of the Americas (CIPA) - Presentation and checkl-list of American species. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 88(2): 221-230.

9. PEREZ, J. E., E. OGUSUKU, R. INGA, M. LOPEZ, J. MONJE, L. PAZ, E. NIETO, J. AREVALO & H. GUERRA. 1993. Natural Leishmania infection of Lutzomyia spp. in Peru. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 88(2): 161-164.

10. CAMERON, M.M., C.R. DAVIES, J. MONJE, P. VILLASECA, E. OGUSUKU & A. LLANOS-CUENTAS. 1994. Comparative activity of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in different crops in the Peruvian Andes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 84: 461-467.

11. OGUSUKU, E., J. E. PEREZ, L. PAZ, E. NIETO, J. MONGE & H. GUERRA. 1994. Identification of bloodmeal sources of Lutzomyia spp. in Perú. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 88(3): 329-335.

12. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. 1995. Estacionalidad de Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) en Coloradito (Cuzco, Perú). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 37: 89-96.

13. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. 1995. Nota sobre la descripción de Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913) (Diptera: Psychodidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología, 37: 127-128.

14. CIPA GROUP. BALARD, Y., BERMUDEZ, H., J.P. DEDET, A.L. FALCAO, M.D. FELICIANGELI, C. FERRO, E.A.B. GALATI, E.A. GOMEZ, M.V. HERRERO, D. HERVAS, M. LAMBERT, J. LEBBE, A. MORALES, E. OGUSUKU, J.E. PEREZ, E.F. RANGEL, I.A. SHERLOCK, M. TORREZ, R. VIGNES & M. WOLFF. 1995. Computer aided identification of phlebotomine sandflies of the Americas - General presentation and progress of the programme. Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental, 35(Suppl. 1): 105-113.

15. OGUSUKU, E. & J. E. PEREZ. (1995). Head and head setae of the immature stages of Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Peru. Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental, 35(Suppl. 1): 257-268.

16. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. (1995). Historical aspects of the vectors of bartonellosis and leishmaniasis in Peru. Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental, 35(Suppl. 1): 277-293.

17. OGUSUKU, E. & J. E. PEREZ. 1996. Abnormal spermathecae numbers in Peruvian sandflies. Acta Amazônica, 24 (3/4):317-320.

18. OGUSUKU, E. & J. E. PEREZ, C.R. DAVIES & P. VILLASECA. (1996). The description of Warileya lumbrerasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Perú. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 91(6): 711-716.

19. OGUSUKU, E. & J. E. PEREZ. 1996. Duración de los estadíos inmaduros de Lutzomyia peruensis y Lu. verrucarum (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) del Perú. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 38: 27-28.

20. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. (1997). Chorion patterns on eggs of Lutzomyia sandflies from the Peruvian Andes. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 11: 127-133.

21. OGUSUKU, E., J. J. CANALES & J. E. PEREZ. 1997. Descripción de Lutzomyia gonzaloi, n. sp. y L. monzonensis, n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), y dos registros nuevos de Phlebotominae para el Perú. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 40: 71-78.

 Manuscripts in preparation:

 22. PEREZ, J. E. & E. OGUSUKU. Description of the pupae of Lutzomyia peruensis and L. verrucarum (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Perú.

23. PEREZ, J. E., E. OGUSUKU & D. H. MOLYNEUX. The development of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana in Lutzomyia verrucarum (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Perú.

 The global geographical distribution of Lutzomyia spp. occurring in Peru is shown in a map, the Andean Cordillera determines the species diversification giving notorious differences in the fauna from the valleys on the West and Interandean areas of the Cordillera, with the fauna on the East side of the mountain chain.

LUTZOMYIA POPULATIONS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND TROPICAL FOREST IN PERU

LUTZOMYIA FAUNA OF PERU

DISEASES THAT LUTZOMYIA TRANSMIT IN PERU

HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF LUTZOMYIA SPP. IN PERU

COLONY OF LUTZOMYIA VERRUCARUM

At present, our colony is mainly of Lutzomyia verrucarum, we rear 3 geographical strains of this species.

SPECIES OF PHLEBOTOMINAE WE DESCRIBED

RELEVANT BOBLIOGRAPHY

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Instituto de Medicina Tropical
Alexander von Humboldt
26/12/00